Developments in Young Adulthood Essay

Tayid, who is 29 eld old, is born Indian nevertheless settled in United States since his childhood. though he cherished to go for Law School, he was never positive(p) on achieving his goal. He is now working as paralegal in a public defenders office. After he passed oer a promotion opportunity by his boss, he got upset with the position. His p atomic number 18nts wanted him to go for another job where he can have prestige, but he did not want to leave the job, as he means his placate in civil services will lay betterment for his career.Tayid has been geological dating Rachel, who is 27 years old with a young boy whose put forward is Luke. She has been sharing accommodation with few of her girlfriends, after she had break up with Lukes father. One day it is Lukes birthday. Rachel wanted to program a celebration. Tayib already overlyk Rachel and Luke to amusement park. However later Rachel invited Tayib and her family members for dinner. Tayib could not make it, as he was stu ck up in the midst of his project work. Rachel is upset with Tayibs absence in the dinner. She is afraid that the relation would not go smoother anymore as she wanted it to be.Tayib is worried why Rachel never understands him rise, being a working woman. He thinks she should be aware of the work pressure he is going through. Finally, these thoughts keep both of them in dilemma, if the relation will go fine in the future or not. Young Adulthood breaker point of human starts usually between 19 and 20, and ends in between 40 and 42. This is the age where boys and girls usually think they are grown up sufficient to take care of themselves. Majority of young adults realize that this is the right m to build up their career.Yes, in fact, one can plan up ones career and work on it along with transaction at this age, as it is the perfect time. Early period of this stage is too dangerous at times, because they do not like to listen to anyone, they believe they can do things on their ow n, and they do not like aroundone taking responsibility of care taking them. As a result, they feat doing things in haste without thinking much about the consequences and finally arrive in failure. That is why people usually commove into depression and some times it leads to suicide attempts.A young adult is often into conflicts, friendly relationships failure, disappointing relations, home sickness, sexuality, grief and loss, depression. One of the major changes is sexuality. Usually they get attracted to an opposite gender. They feel sexual intimacy is real intimacy, and they look for relations. initially they get happy with each other as long as the sexual relation is good. S embarrassedly, they realize the relation is not going well practically. Because the fact is mental intimacy is more important to the sexual intimacy. tetrad relationship styles were characteristic integrated (high friendly and high interior(a)), intimate (high intimate and low friendly), and friendly (high friendly and low intimate), and uninvolved (low intimate and low friendly) (Fischer, 1980). Here the intimacy that comes with friendly nature can be suggested as more successful one. Both Tayib and Rachel are in their young adulthood. They are much in attraction towards each other and it is kind of a need of opposite genders presence in their lives. generally young adults like to be independent from their parents, and love to stay by their own.Majority of young adults think in a mature way. They plan about their future life and career, and set up some goals. The same is happening with Tayib and Rachel. There is a difference though, that is Tayib is involved seriously in sprouting career as he thinks he can direct secured future for himself and also to his family, but Rachel is much worried about individualised relations, love and caring towards each other. The young adult must develop intimate relationships with others. Not resolving this conflict leaves the young adult ruling isolated. The young adult must be willing to be idle and committed to another individual. (Erikson).

Chilean Copper Mine Collapse Essay

On opulent 5, 2010 at San Jose mine in northern chilli pepper a hollow out collapsed trapping 33 miners more than 2000-feet underground (Weik, n. d. ). This should have been just some other day, a normal 12-hour shift at work, but it instead it dark into a 69 day nightm ar. Minors did non know it would be the last time for nearly two months they would count the light of day. Miners, overmuch like fire fighters and policemen, know there is a risk in the work they do.Their families also know that there is a risk and consume that someday they may bum a call with bad news. learned this and seeing it happen are two different things. Communicating with the Families and Employees The families are from different backgrounds and different nationalities this should be taken into consideration when communicating with them. Minera San Esteban Primera would expect to have several people involved in communication excogitate that involved constant communication with families as well as their employees. somewhat of the people involved with communications should be the analogous nationality and speak the same language to get the message across as well as make the families experience somewhat at ease. This provide help the families feel as though some star understands them and their culture because they are from the same backgrounds. conversation should be organized and planned. The families from other places, not local, should be put up in a hotel with a meeting place provided where the families can keep up for regular updates.This will relieve some stress from the families having to wait by the phone for updates, and for the company getting calls unexpectedly or at the equipment casualty time. This place could serve a dual function as a place where families can go and seek empathy with other families, Minera San Esteban Primera should communicate in person with the families as much as possible. They should provide updates via phone calls with set propagati on to call. Electronic communication would be for faster if the families have access to this typecast of information.Other considerations are the employees who may have family members who are pin down. It is common in a work environment like this to have several members of one family working for the same company. Other employees may be minors who called in sick that day or were assigned to different projects. Minera San Esteban Primera will adopt to consider how they talk to employees to be sure sensitive information is not out before it should be. Some employees who have to work around the clock to make sure everything is taken care of.The families and employees need to know that their employer will do everything they can to help the miners as fast as they can. They should employ small to the point staff meetings to provide updates to the employees (Aniisu, n. d. ). They could even have a room where employees can come and watch for updates as they become available. The agricul tural came together suggesting ideas on how to get to the miners. It was important to ascertain if the miners were a proceed, to see if livery was possible.Chilean government reached out to NASA for the assistance in communicating with the miners and could get lines of communication going. Once the Chilean authorities could confirm that they were all alive, the snappy information had to get to the families and to the employees (Condon, 2010). Once communication lines were set up, family members were allowed to talk soon to their trapped miners (Tabor, n. d. ). Even though it was only one minute, it was essential for the family to see that the minors were fine and no one was lied to.This also helped the miners rational state and encouraged them to stay strong until rescued. The employees were able to see live feed of the miners that helped them to feel as though Minera San Esteban Primera, NASA, and the Chilean government were, in fact, doing everything they could do to save the m iners. As further mining operations were leap to happen employees would feel confident that their company would do what was necessary to project their wellbeing in the event of another collapse. References Aniisu, . (n. d. ).Internal Communications Pointers from the Chile Miners Rescue Mission. Retrieved from http//intraskope. wordpress. com/2010/10/15/internal-communications-pointers-from-the-chile-miners-rescue-mission/ Condon, K. (2010). Communication With Chilean Miners. Retrieved from http//ezinearticles. com/? Communication-With-Chilean-Miners&id=5391484 Tabor, J. M. (n. d. ). Jonathan Franklins 33 Men, on the Chilean mine collapse. Retrieved from http//articles. washingtonpost. com/2011-03-18/entertainment/35259801_1_claudio-yanez-laurence-golborne-miners Weik, J. (n. d. ). Over 30 workers trapped

Consumer Durable Insustry

Contents The collision of advertisement on the purchasing expression with reference to the consumer durables 1. Introduction 2. Theoritical background of the study 1. announce and advertisements 2. Advertisers 3. advertizing agencies 4. Support organization 5. Media 6. Consumers 7. Advertising as foodstuffing fauna 8. Role of advertising in modern note world 1. intentness background 1. Refrigerator industry 1. Design of the study 1. Statement of the line of work 2. Need for the study 3. Operational definitions of the study 1. Sources of the data 1. Data parade instrument 2. Data processing and analysis . Outcome of the study 2. analysis and interpretation 3. Conclusion Abstract Theses The consumer durable industry in the medieval few years has seen tremendous growth. Advancements in the technology, g everywherenment support and increase level of interest among the private players into the industry has given rise to the levelheaded competition amongst the various brand s. Different companies are using dissimilar advertisement strategies for building and managing of brands. Advertising in electronic media and newspapers are report advertising areas in initiationing the advertising strategy.This study was carried turn out to locate the advertising strategies of different companies and to know the impact of advertisements on building and managing of brands in consumer durable industry. As there are many products that come down the stairs consumer durables, it is necessary to choose one product among them in order for market research. Hence this study was done in consumer durable industry in general and refrigerators in particular. This was research also done to come out the major(ip) influence of advertising in acquire the favorite brand and to identify the impact of electronic media advertising on purchase decision.A structured questionnaire was utilise to collect the consumer responses on their awareness about different refrigerator brands , their media of breeding and impact of advertisement on their purchase decision. Three popular brands were in general identified after conducting interviews with the consumers and these brands were utilize in the questionnaire for evoking the responses of the consumers. Random sampling was used to select the sample unit. The sample size was limited to 120 be selected from different source.The data collection involved taking responses from different deal like, students, businessmen, housewives, executives etc also they belonged to different age groups and income groups. Tags Impact of advertising on consumer purchase behavior, Advertising and get behavior, Impact of advertising in the modern business world More abstract from The impact of advertisement on the buying behavior with reference to the consumer durables The aim of the study is to find out how effective advertisements are in making a consumer prefer a particular brand in the consumer durable industry.To find out t he consumer reactions to advertisements and to the hypothesis, that Advertisements in the TV and Print media has a significant impact on Consumers buying behavior with reference to consumer durables, had to be tested. The other objectives were to verify brand recall and to generate advertising strategies for the companies. This study was explorative in design as it deals with consumer perception about advertisements and their effects on brand recall. OBJECTIVES OF THE discipline Primary Objective ? To understand the impact of advertisements on the Buying behavior of the consumers. To study the advertisements of the respondent companies, with reference to refrigerator. Secondary Objectives ? To verify recall of advertisements/brands ? To break apart the justification of advertising expenditure. NEED FOR THE STUDY Gaining an understanding about the impact of advertisements on consumers buying behavior. REVIEW IF LITERATURE Before starting this study various literatures were rev iewed to find out the gap that could exist between previous study and the present one. This shows that advertisements in magazines get the full care of its readers.Second, magazine advertisements are good in quality in name of printing and color. Magazines are usually printed on the good paper that makes for an refined reproduction of art and color work. TELEVISION ADVERTISING Though the scientific breakthroughs have changed the advertising media, T. V . remains to be the largest entertaining media. television advertising, which began only(prenominal) in1976, takes almost a third of that share, with the press getting just about sixty percent. There are advertisements that are persuasive only with no fact and figure.There are advertisements that are informative only, but not large-hearted much. Mostly advertisements should fall between these two extremes. Advertisements for specialties like medicine s might be totally informative persuasive advertisements generally re pose on TV. Informative advertisements appear in magazines and weekend supplements of newspaper. They are put down in more durable media. Some informative advertisements create a mood favorable towards a product. One more version of informative advertisements, is to present it as newspaper column matter, in distinguishable from the real editorial matter. Different peck react to different advertisements in various shipway at different times. Today, we are exposed to a large count of commercial messages than at any time in the past. Not only has the quantity of advertisements increased, even the quality of advertisements has improved very considerably over the past couple of years. Advertising as Marketing Tool Advertising is the communication link between the sellers and the buyer or the consumer. It does not only if provide information about the products and services, but also attempts at influencing people to action by on overt appeal to reason or emotion.

Code-switching: The Effects for Students and Teachers

IntroductionIn the modern global economic climate, the ability to mouth position has become an outstanding business dig. incline has essentially become the universal second manner of speaking communication of the international labour market, and the socio-economic signifi burn downce of this loafernot be overstated (Light, 2007 9). It is now platitude for many universities across the world to teach courses in English as well the native language of their country. One of the most apparent consequences of this has been the widespread use of code- beating, where multiple languages are spoken in everyday communication. As such, code-switching is often seen as a social as well as a lingual medium. This paper will attempt to demonstrate the causes and raises of code-switching in bilingual classes.The Definition of Code-switchingCode-switching involves the use of multiple languages, where talkers of additional languages contain alternate lingual elements into their source lan guage. As such, twain or to a greater extent(prenominal) languages whitethorn be spoken alternately during a conversation. Chan et al (2009) utilitarianly describe code-switching as the intra-sentential switching of two different languages in a spoken utterance (Chan et al, 2009 281).The Causes and Effects of Using of Code-switching in an Academic circumstanceThe academic use of code-switching involves a more complex and random effect than can be fully explained by a students ability to speak in a certain language. Recent (debatable) research has identified reasons bathroom the occurrence of code-switching and the extent to which the process of learning has been affected. A large issuing of situations are considered to be causes of code-switching, atomic number 53 of which is linked to gaps in students linguistic ability. As a result, students may engage in code-switching in order to drown linguistic shortcomings however this cause may be considered a fatigued justification . In other cases, a overlook of one or more words in either language may lead to code-switching. That is to say, bilinguals shake off clear that they code-switch when they cannot take note the correct expression or term. Often the seat language simply does not have the exact word unavoidable in order to maintain a discussion smoothly, and code-switching is necessary.In addition, code-switching can have a commanding impact in an academic context. An classical teaching skill is the ability to transfer knowledge to students in a clear and efficient manner, and so code-switching can be a useful tool in the classroom for both teachers and students (Bista, 2010 1). Code-switching may also be used to emphasize a point, or to add more personnel department to a phrase. On a psychological level, learners often code-switch when they feel deteriorate or angry. For example when the speaker is in a good mood, the usurp word or expression in their second language is slow identified. How ever if the speaker is distracted in any way, they may find it difficult to grasp the correct word.In a purely linguistic capacity, code-switching may be used to compliment a statement, where it can specially reinforce an intention or meaning of the speaker. Although sometimes stacked as linguistic incompetence this is not always the case. Code-switching will often occur when the speaker wishes to compensate for a lack of a verbal equivalent in the second language. Baker (2007) describes this well Words or phrases in two languages may not correspond exactly, and the bilingual may switch to one language to express a concept that has no equivalent in the culture of the other language (Baker, 2007108).There are also private and social reasons for code-switching in that ones choice of words can represent an expression of their personality. Allatson (2007) suggests factors that can lead to code-switching as location, class, gender and age. In addition the relationship between the spea kers the formal or informal nature of the conversation and the social status of the speakers can also be factors (Allatson, 2007 73). other social explanation is that speakers tend to code switch to attract attention. In Saudi Arabia, for example, code-switching is often used among teenagers to draw the attention of their colleagues. Furthermore they switch from Arabic to English to show that they are confident about themselves.In general, code-switching effects are widely perceived as negative. Namely, there is a tendency to find out code-switching as obstacle to learning and as world disruptive to the learning environment. Accordingly, the practice has been considered as a sign of linguistic deficiency. Li (2008) notes that despite code-switching being commonplace in both the speech and writing of multilingual societies (often with English as the second language), it is usually frowned upon by multilingual speakers within these societies. (Li, 2008 76). In an academic context , studies by Arrifin and Husin (2011) have observed that learners with a greater linguistic ability often see code-switching as and obstacle to becoming fluent in a second language. Their findings indicated that students with a degree of competence in English found it difficult to cook progress in an environment of code-switching (Arrifin et al, 2011 221). Other studies have reached similar conclusions. Bista (2010) conducted a study in the US which found that code-switching not only had a negative impact on the linguistic learning ability of students, notwithstanding also highlighted lack of ability in the second language as a primary cause of code-switching (Bista, 2010 1).Others have a different view however, in particular that code-switching may be perceived as linguistic resourcefulness. Baker (2007) argues that users of code-switching show impressive cognitive, linguistic, and social skills. In his view code-switchers may be preserving the meaning of their original statemen t by overcoming the lack of a suitable word in the second language (Baker, 2007 56-57).Surveys of a number of English language students have reported that they view code-switching as having a considerable influence on the learning process. From their perspective, code-switching assists in pinch the more complex linguistic elements of the second language. It may also service in the translation from their first language to the target one.ConclusionIt may apparently be concluded that the impression of code-switching as a barrier to learning seems to be the prevalent view amongst both learners and teachers, and that any positive effects of code-switching are not yet widely recognised. As a consequence of this, it would be reasonable to assume that the attitude of both teachers and students towards code-switching may have been somewhat influenced by this common viewpoint. In the near afterlife however, signs are that code-switching may possibly be seen as a tool for learning. In that event, some restrictions on the use of code-switching must be established by teachers in the classroom, and learners should code-switch only when there is an in urgent case. Eventually, it great power yet become a beneficial tool for both learners and teachers.ReferencesAllatson, P., 2007. recognize terms in Latino/a cultural and literary studies, Oxford Blackwell.Baker, C., 2007. A Parents and Teachers Guide to Bilingualism, Clevedon MPG Books.Light, I., 2007. Global Entrepreneurship and Transnationalism. In Ed. L. Paul Dana. Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship a Co-evolutionary View on Resource Management, Cheltenham Edward Elgar Publishing. pp.3-15.Arrifin, K. and M. Susanti Husin, 2011. Code-switching and Code-mixing of English and Bahasa Malaysia in Content-Based Classrooms Frequency and Attitudes. The Linguistics Journal, June, pp.220-47.Bista, K., 2010. Factors of Code Switching among Bilingual English Students In the University Classroom A Survey. Eng lish for Specific Purposes World, intensity level 9, pp.1-19.Chan, J. Y. C., H. Cao, P. C. Ching, T. Lee, 2009. Automatic Recognition of Cantonese-English Code-Mixing Speech. Computational Linguistics and Chinese manner of speaking Processes, September, pp.281-304.Li, D. C. S., 2008. Understanding Mixed Code and Classroom Code-Switching Myths and Realities. New Horizons in Education, December, pp.75-87.

Racial Profiling within America’s Criminal Justice System Essay

The criminal umpire dodge of the States is deeply scarred with racial bias. Crimes argon universe committed and, in turn, atomic number 18 resulting with innocent people doing hard-time. Thankfully, new appoint methods of appealing hail rulings ar finding justice for these minorities however, the results are as shocking as the crimes be committed. When it was found that the majority of successful appeals were of minorities, the true defects of the system was apparent. The minority conjunction is being critically judged for things theyre not doing.Throughout the last decennary justicemakers confuse be aiding the racial profiling scene. genus Arizona legislature passed a uprightness allowing for an officer to demand papers of any person that provoken their legal citizenship. The honor, intending to lower the illegal immigrants in Arizona, became a symbol for racial profiling within our government. President Obama strongly opposed the passing of the virtue saying that it threatened to undermine basic notions of fairness that we cherish as Americans, as well as the trust between police and our communities that is so crucial to keeping us safe (Archibold).It is a very(prenominal) obsolete occasion where the President speaks out about state legislature, proving the enormity of the law and its regards to human rights in America. The law, dubbed the Show Me Your Papers law, has Arizona residents furious. Faulting some ane of being illegal, purely based on their appearance is a very congenital issue. Someone with a last name of Garcia or Rodriquez is much more(prenominal) likely to be suspected of being in the country illegally rather than someone with the last name of Smith. Because Smith has a very typically American last name, he, most likely, wouldnt be asked to prove citizenship. This is a perfect example of the kind of profiling that Arizonians are concern about.Not only have lawmakers been creating laws supporting racial profiling, but la ws such(prenominal) as the Stand your Ground law in Florida are allowing for racial profiling to occur under a pseudonym. The Stand your Ground law allows for someone to use deadly force, if needed, in order to protect themselves from harms way. The recent slayings of teenagers Trayvon Martin and Jordan Davis, two African American teenagers, have so far been defended under the law, bringing uproar to the stateespecially among the minatory community. Even worse, its considered legal. Families and friends of these children defend them as being upstanding citizens killed collectible to their race. Although Martin and Davis have not been the only people murdered under the law, they are the ones bring publicity to it. Due to the media attention, the policys effect on different racial groups is finally being questioned.John papistical, a senior(a) fellow at the Urban Institutes justice polity Center, conducted a reckon intending to measure the racial bias within the policy. popis h focused his study on cleanup spots that were considered warrant within the eyes of the court the murder of people that just committed a felony. Roman found that the killings of pitch-dark people by snow-covereds were more likely to be considered justified than the killings of white people by blacks. In non-Stand Your Ground states, whites are 250 share more likely to be found justified in killing a black person than a white person who kills other white person in Stand Your Ground states, that number jumps to 354 percent. (Childress). Romans findings show that even laws that werent aimed to become a racial issue are. The issue, however, is that its not being stopped despite the blatantly obvious ramifications.Some might argue that people of color are being convicted for more crimes than other races because theyre the ones committing more crimes. A reasonable point, however, with the recent advancement of these races throughout society, it would be thought that these number s would be heading in opposite directions. In reality, minorities are being served harsher consequences than their white counterparts despite their equal standing in society. Michigan State University (MSU) conducted a study revealing that there was often racial bias when selecting a juryespecially those involving minority parties. The study conducted by MSU examined jury picking as well as the decisions made by said juries. The MSU study of capital charging and sentencing found that those who kill whites are more likely to survive the death penalty than those who kill blacks. The MSU study found that a defendant is 2.6 times more likely to get the death penalty if the victim is white. (ACLU).Following the study, newton Carolina passed a law entitled the Racial Justice Act. This piece of legislature made it possible for inmates to appeal their destines receivable to supposed racial profiling. Since the passing of the law last year, there have been 4 successful appeals. The la w doesnt guarantee that the whole sentence will be reversed however, it puts in place a system that allows for flaws in the length/severity of the sentence to be readdressed. The passing of the law as well as the MSU study prove that although there are more minorities being charged for crimes, the charges are of ill-willed intentions. In addition to undeserved charges, desoxyribonucleic acid testing has exonerated hundreds of people for crimes in which they were convicted over the ult few years. When DNA testing became readily available to the criminal justice system, crucial flaws began to surface.It was realized that people were serving hard-time for felony crimes they didnt commit. University of Virginia Law professor, Brandon Garrett, analyze the first 200 people exonerated through said DNA testing. He compared the demographics of the exonerees concluding that Of the innocent group, all male save one71 percent were minorities. The vast majority of exonerated rape convicts (73 p ercent) were black or Hispanic, while studies show only about 37 percent of rape convicts are minorities. (Wood). These hundreds of people are provide valid read supporting that, although people of color are being convicted of more crimes, they are also being cleared of said crimes.Racial ethnicity plays a ample factor when it comes to being convicted of a crime. Oftentimes, a person of color is mechanically assumed to be more likely of committing a crime than a Caucasian person. People of minority races are being targeted as criminals purely based on their looks rather than their guilt. Laws have been passed both for and against said issue, providing for a government that is facilitating racism. Racial profiling isnt an act that would be thought of as happening in the 21st century, following the Civil Rights causal agent of the mid 1900s. Despite the advancements in society, Americas criminal justice system hasnt quite advanced so far.Works CitedArchibold, Randal. Arizona Enacts Stringent Law on ImmigrationNYtimes.com April 23, 2012. Web. New York TimesJanuary 30, 2013.Childress, Sarah. Is thither Racial Bias in Stand your Ground Law?PBS.org, July 31, 2012. Web. UNC-TVJanuary 30, 2013ACLU. North Carolina Racial Justice ActACLU.org, December 17, 2012. Web. American Civil Liberties brotherhoodJanuary 30, 2013Wood, Mary. Study of First 200 DNA Exonerations Shows Flawed Criminal placement law.virginia.edu, July 23, 2007.Web. University of VirginiaFebruary 2, 2013

Explination Of Butlers Thesis :: essays research papers

Bret HribarQ1Butlers conjecture of inclination separates completely desires into two groups, the desire for self-importance-love and the desire for busy affection, which ar all other desires like hunger, sleep, or sex. narcissism is a soul general desire for happiness, this, as Butler states is an immanent desire, a desire for our own enjoyment and satisfaction. Butler separates this desire from the desire for particular affections because these atomic number 18 all external desires, the desire for objects around us that fulfill those desires. He says that these desires are not based on reason, alone may follow from it. For example a person instinctively asks to down or drink but may not know why he needs to eat or drink. Therefore that desire for pabulum is not a conscious decision, I should eat now because I need the energy to live, but rather it is an innate desire, I want food because I am hungry.His distinction separates all the desires into the reasoning charact er of the mind, that a particular action would be in the best wager of themselves, self-love, and the animalistic desire for a certain thing. For example a person who wants to smoke a cigarette does so because of the need for nicotine, a particular affection, whereas the person knows the cigarette is bad for them and that they shouldnt smoke, which is self interest.Q2In order to show that all actions are not do by self-love Butler gives reasons why all actions might be motivate by self-love and them tries to disprove them. He states that all desires are self actuate, even the ones that appear not to be. A person may donate money to help the less fortunate but they are not motivated to do so because of a need to belittle someone elses suffering but are motivated by a need to ease their own guilt.The point he is repair is that all actions done by a person are motivated by the desire for their own happiness and since all desires are ones own, all desires must be aimed at self-lov e.The reason, Butler points out, that this deduction is wrong is collectable to the target of the desire. Some things are pursued because we know that they will make us happier, the reason or target of this desire is internal, that self motivated action is self love. Not all desires are based on our own best interest though, you may hate another person and want to hurt them, but by doing so may not be in your interest, he might break your face.

Richard II Essay: The Characters of Bolingbroke and Richard II

The Characters of Bolingbroke and Richard II   What tongue speaks my right drawn sword may parent is the sentence which concludes a short speech delivered by Henry Bolingbroke to magnate Richard II (1.1.6). These words are but the first demonstration of the pronounced difference between the above-mentioned characters in The Tragedy of Richard II. The line presents a public intent on action, a foil to the title character, a troops of words.             When Bolingbroke first appears in the play, he is accusing Thomas Mowbray of deception and then states that he is ready to act upon his accusations, to draw his sword against Mowbray. He declares, Besides I say and will in battle come up . . . (1.1.92, emphasis mine). Richard yields to the request of trial by combat. It is a ruling on which he later reneges, pronouncing banishment on the two fragmentiseies kind of than allowing their confrontation.       &nb sp     This is a prime example of Richard using his authority by way of rulings and pronouncements rather than action, even to the point of disallowing an action. Bolingbroke, on the other hand, is quite ready to do battle no matter what the consequences. Moments before Richard puts a stop to the proceedings, Bolingbroke says, . . . permit no noble eye profane a tear / For me, if I be gorged with Mowbrays spear (1.3.58-59). Here is a man who is resolved in his intent.             To be sure, even in the ensuing banishment, Bolingbroke is not hindered. When he learns of the raptus of the estate of his dead father, John of Gaunt, by Richard, he comes back to England in spite of the ... ...essing anyone who was around or even just addressing himself. However, Bolingbroke is not a man of many words he feels the need to physically atone for his part in the murder, To wash this blood off his guilty hand (5.6.50).   &nb sp         Nevertheless, as a man of action, Bolingbroke has achieved for himself the goal of retrieving his father Gaunts estates and much more. He, in the end, is king, tabby Henry IV. And though Richard as king was full of pomp and ceremony, those things were no match for ambition carried to its fullest. His strong words belied incompetence as a ruler, and he could not hold his position. It seems that it was inevitable that Bolingbroke would be the victor at last. Richard should have taken more note of his usurper, before he was such, this man he called Gaunts bold son (1.1.3).